2001年,美国游泳教练员协会在新奥尔良举办了世界游泳教练员讲习班。福布斯·卡莱尔在讲习班上播放了他录制的一套名为《爬泳技术的发展》录像片。在这部录像片中,卡莱尔介绍了游好爬泳应注意的8原则。本刊现将这8条原则和参考译文同时刊出, 以飨读者。如读者对这8条原则有更好的译法, 请将译文寄我刊, 我刊将选登来稿, 以便更准确地理解卡莱尔的8原则。任何名选手都有改进身体流线型姿势的余地。改进身体流线型姿势的重要性不言而喻。下述8原则中的任何一条,都会使你受益。 a.Keeping the body horizontal and notraising the shoulders in concertwith arm en—tries.The bo dyshould only be rotated on a hor—izo ntaI,longitudinal axis. 1。臂入水时, 身体应保持水平姿势,肩部不应上抬。身体只能在水平方向上,围绕身体纵轴转动。 b.Keeping the head down,looking at thebo ttomand then to the side of the poo1 whenbreathing,80 thatrotation on a horizo nta1,Ion—gitudinaIaxis is achieved.It is detrim entaI tostream lining toIo k forward and/or to raise thehead at an y time,particularly when breathing. 2.要低头, 目视池底, 吸气时,目视池侧, 以便身体在水平方向上围绕其纵轴转动。目视前方, 或抬头,特别是呼吸时抬头,会破坏身体的流线型姿势。 C.Keeping the legs and kick within thebody shadow 80 that formresistan ce in m ini—mized.Theonly time the legs should emergefrom the position of maximum stream line iswhendetrim entaI effects are more than offsetby arlTt propulsion gains. 3.要在身体投影截面内打腿,以尽量减小形状阻力。一旦打腿动作超出身体姿势的流线型范围,会抵销划臂动作产生的推进力。 d.Reducing downward pressure after thearms enter the water andachieving a horizontaIpull com po nent earlier.Bendingat the elbow ,im mediately after entry,would assist in fasterdirectional force change. If this could beachieved there is every likelihood that stream —lining will be better m aintained. 4.臂入水后,尽量避免下压, 并设法尽早获得水平分力。入水后立即屈肘有助于更快改变用力方向。如能做到这点,将有助于身体保持流线型姿势。 e.Rotating the hips and shoulders togetherto the same degree in astream lined po sition.This will reduce form resistance. 5.为保持流线型姿势,髋部和肩部应同步转动。如此转动有助于减少形状阻力。 f.Al lowing the kick to rotate on a Iongitu—dinalaxis in concert with hip rotation.A con—centration on vertical kicking increases form re—sistan ce whereas rotation has the potential todecrease it withoutany loss in forward velocity. 6.为配合转髋动作,应围绕身体纵轴做打腿动作。只做上下打腿会增大形状阻力,然而通过转动打腿,不仅不会减慢游速,并可减少形状阻力。 g.Aligning the upper arm of the pul1 andrecovery with the line of theshoulders to in—crease the musculature used to generateforce aswell as maintain the integrity of the shoulderjoint.An emphasis on,or toleran ce of,internalrotator iXlugcle group activety will eventuallycauseproblems.This propo sal will introduce agreater rolefor the extern al rotator musclesduring the pul1. 7.划水和移臂时,上臂靠近肩线既便于肌群发力,又可避免肩伤。内旋肌群负担过重将造成伤害。建议划水时尽量发挥外旋肌作用。 h. M aintaining stre0mlined feet whenkicking 8o that drag is not created.However,itmust be rea lized that a “braking’’action may bea corrective movement for 8ome other error. 8.打腿时应注意脚部的流线型姿势,以免增加阻力。然而必须知道有时“制动” 动作可矫正其他技术错误。 迟爱光译
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